Benin: The First Sub-Saharan Kingdom

The Rise of Benin

Benin is a kingdom located in present-day Nigeria that was founded in the 13th century. The kingdom was established by Edo-speaking people who settled in the area around the Benin River. Under the leadership of King Ewuare, Benin experienced a period of growth and expansion. King Ewuare reorganized the government and military, which allowed for the kingdom to conquer neighboring areas and expand its territory. Benin's wealth also increased during this time due to trade in ivory, textiles, and slaves.

The Golden Age of Benin

The 15th and 16th centuries are considered the golden age of Benin. The kingdom was at its height of power and wealth during this period. The Benin people developed a complex system of government with the Oba, or king, at the top. The Oba was considered to be a divine ruler and was responsible for maintaining order and stability within the kingdom. The kingdom became known for its art, particularly brass sculptures, which depicted the Oba and his court. These sculptures were considered to be some of the finest works of African art.

The Decline of Benin

In the late 19th century, Benin's power began to decline due to increased European interference. The British, French, and Portuguese were interested in the natural resources of West Africa and began to establish colonies in the area. In 1897, the British attacked Benin City and looted many of its treasures, including its famous brass sculptures. The attack weakened the kingdom, and Benin was eventually incorporated into the British Empire in 1899. In conclusion, Benin was the first sub-Saharan kingdom and was a significant power in West Africa during its golden age. The kingdom was known for its complex government and art, particularly its brass sculptures. However, the kingdom's power declined in the late 19th century due to European interference, which eventually led to its incorporation into the British Empire. Despite this, the legacy of Benin continues to live on in the art and culture of the Edo people.